Atlantification of Arctic ocean is causing a sharp increase in temperature and salinity around Svalbard Islands and in Kongsfjorden. Such phenomenon and the input of sediment-rich glacial meltwater influence salinity, water column turbidity, and light penetration with ecological implications on the microbial features.

The automated station is operating at the Amundsen-Nobile Climate Change Tower since 2010, which is in a tundra site almost flat, located in the Kolhaugen area. The station is part of a complex infrastructure where multi-disciplinary observations are routinely performed. The instrument used for the meauserements is a PT100 thermocouple. This activity is carried out in the framework of the SnowCorD project (SIOS Core Data).

Snow water equivalent at the Gruvebadet Snow Resarch Site

This dataset comprises measurements from a moored single-point acoustic current meter, collected by the Krossfjord Italian Mooring (KIM), which is managed by the Institute of Polar Sciences of the National Research Council (CNR). The data was gathered in the Krossfjord, Svalbard Island, since September 2020. This dataset is also part of the SIOS-Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System, developed to observe the impacts of climate change, including the rapid loss of sea ice cover, the retreat of local glaciers, and the Atlantification of Arctic seas. Measured properties are: subsurface temperature and subsurface currents. The acquisition of this time series data is still ongoing and will continue, bolstered by the inclusion of this infrastructure within the framework of the Italian PNRR project ITINERIS. This ensures sustained data collection and further enhances our understanding of the observed environmental changes.

Sampling of PM10 aerosol using a cascade impactor to define the chemical composition in six different size stages. The quartz filters were extracted with ultrapure water and water soluble species were determined: major ions, MSA, carboxylic acids, amino acids, sugars, phenolic compounds, and other organic water-soluble emergening pollutants.

Contribution of Vegetation and Soil components to Carbon cycle in Arctic environment in relationship to climate change (VegSoCA). Measurements of soil respiration and 13C labelling on different species in the experimental field close to the CCTower using LiCOR LI-8100. Species were: Carex rupestris, Dryas octopetala, Salix polaris, Moss and bare soil. Dataset: Species type, date, soil water content, soil EC, soil temperature, CO2 flux.

Aerosol sampling by a High-Volume Sampler (TECORA eco-highvol equipped with digital PM1 sampling inlet, nominal flow 500 lpm) for the collection of ambient aerosol particles with aerodynamic diameter < 1 μm (PM1) on pre-washed and pre-baked quartz-fiber filters (PALL, Ø= 18cm). Sampling time: 3-4 days per sample. A multi-technique analytical approach for the characterization of the sampled organic aerosol: Organic matter (OM) and Organic Nitrogen (ON). Analytical techniques employed are based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (HR-TOF-AMS applied off-line) for the OM characterization, C and N elemental analysis (CN-EA) and ion chromatography (IC) for inorganic ions and alkyl-amines. -NMR functional groups (Aromatics, anomeric/vynilic, H-C-O, H-C-C=, H.C) -NMR tracers: Levoglucosan, Methane-sulphonic acid (MSA), Hydroxymethane-sulphonic acid (HMSA), Amines (mono-, di- and tri-methyl amines, etc.) -HR-TOF-AMS (off-line): main species (Org, SO4, NO3, NH4, Chl), elemental ratios (OM:OC, O:C, H:C) & tracer fragments (m/z43, 44, 60 etc.) -NMR & AMS OA source apportionment

Measurement of the concentration and turbulent flux of CO2 and CH4 at 15 m above sea level on the CCT.

Daily averages of equivalent black carbon from aerosol absorption coefficient at 660nm measured using a Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP), manufactured by Radiance Research. MAC equal to 10 m^2/g.

The Italian project CASSANDRA is part of the international framework of the Synoptic Arctic Survey which seeks to collect oceanographic data in the Arctic Ocean in the two-year period 2020-2021 involving the coordination of many research vessels belonging to different nations. The aim is to determine the current state and major ongoing changes in the Arctic marine system by generating an oceanographic dataset that allows for a comprehensive characterization of Arctic hydrography and circulation, carbon uptake and ocean acidification, the distribution of possible pollutants, the functioning and productivity of organisms and ecosystems.