Aerosol scattering at 1 wavelength (530 nm) measured using a nephelometer M903, manufactured by Radiance Research.

The Climate Change Tower Integrated Project (CCT-IP) represents the guide lines of the italian research in the arctic and aims to study the interaction between all the components of the climate system in the Arctic. The Amundsen-Nobile Climate Change Tower (CCT) is the key infrastructure of the project, and provides continuous acquisition of the atmospheric parameters at different heights as well as at the interface between the surface and the atmosphere. Turbulent parameters are measured at the Amundsen-Nobile Climate Change Tower (CCT) by means of a Gill R3 sonic anemometer installed at 7.5 m from the ground since 2010. It measures the three components of the wind (u, v and w) and the sonic temperature at a rate of 20 Hz. These micro-meteorological measurements are complemented by standard meteorological ones at 4 levels: 2, 5, 10 and 33 m (acquisition time step equal to 1 minute). From these measurements, sensible heat flux, friction velocity and roughness length are calculated. Wind components and sonic temperature measurements were used to estimate friction velocity and kinematic heat flux. Before computing the micrometeorological parameters, a preliminary analysis is applied in order to assess the data quality and to remove low quality records. After the quality analysis application, mean values of the turbulence statistics were computed following two coordinate rotations to ensure the mean lateral and vertical velocities were zero (McMillen, 1988). Half-hour turbulent statistics (heat fluxes and friction velocity) were derived using two time-scales: a standard averaging time of 30 min and a reduced one (2 min) necessary for filtering out submeso motions contributions that can greatly alter the estimation of turbulent fluxes in a strong and long-lived stable BL. The short averaging time scale was evaluated on the basis of spectral analysis of data in order to include all turbulent scales, but excluding submeso motions (larger than turbulence). The turbulent statistics evaluated over the short subsets and then re-averaged over 30 min following Vickers and Mahrt (2006). Turbulent parameter relative to unfavorable wind direction ([150÷270] degrees) for which the tower was upwind of the sonic anemometer were not discarded but are flagged (flagdir=1) in the final dataset. More, the percentage of NaNs relative to each run is indicated. The wind speed vertical profile measured by slow response standard meteorological anemometers at 2, 5, 10 and 33 m was used for estimating the roughness length assuming a typical log wind profile under statically neutral conditions. Mahrt, L., 1998. Flux Sampling Errors for aircraft and towers. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. 15, 416-429. Mc Millen, R.T., 1988. An Eddy correlation technique with extended applicability to non-simple terrain. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 43, 231-245. Vickers D, Mahrt L. 2006. A solution for flux contamination by mesoscale motions with very weak turbulence. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 118: 431–447. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-005-9003-y. Zahn, E., Chor, T.L., Dias, N. L., 2016. A Simple Methodology for Quality Control of Micrometeorological Datasets. American Journal of Environmental Engineering 6(4A): 135-142 DOI: 10.5923/s.ajee.201601.20.

RIS: 11079 ARctic DISsolved CO2 (AR-DIS-CO2) Project start: 2018-08-16 end: 2023-08-16 The project tackles the dynamics of dissolved gases in the ocean water of the Kongsfjorden (Svalbard islands, W archipelago). The main goals are: the characterization and monitoring of Kongfjorden’s waters in terms of dissolved gases species and ii) the identification and understanding of the relationships between dissolved gases time-variations and glaciers melting dynamics. Focus of the research activities is to monitor and comprehend the processes involving major dissolved gas species, trying to identify and understand how drainage melt glaciers influence the TDIC and gas contents of the fjord. The project is also aimed to develop a portable instrument for on-site measurements of TDIC and dissolved gases (in particular CO2, but also O2, N2, Ar, CH4, H2). Vertical profiles of temperature, pH, salinity along selected site in the Kongsfjorden. The selection of measurement sites was addressed to obtain data at least from one of the most deep vertical profile and also from profiles close to main glaciers drainages (Bayelva basin and Kronebreen-Kongsvegen glaciers). TDIC measurements is performed in water samples. water samples in glass bottles pre-evacuated are collected for gases determination.

This proposal will focus on eutrophication, contaminants, marine litter and underwater noise descriptors of the MSFD. Vertical acquisition in 18 CTD station in Kongsfjorden with water sampling at 2-3 depths (surface, intermediate, bottom) for nutrient and pH analyses of sampled water in the lab

Snow and surface characteristics are monitored by CNR at the Climate Change Tower in Ny-Alesund.

terrestrial Photography ApplicationS on Snow covEr in Svalbard: Evolution of the fractional snow cover in the Broggerdalen area using ground-based cameras located at the Climate Change Tower in the Svalbard archipelago. Project Start date: 2018-04-15 End date: 2023-12-31

The automated nivological station was installed in November 2020 in a flat area over the tundra about 80 meters far from the Gruvebadet Atmospheric Laboratory and nearby a snow sampling site from where weekly snow samples are collected for chemical analysis. Sensors have been calibrated by their companies before installation and are connected to a datalogger for continuous acquisition. For all the parameters, data are logged with 10-minute time resolution and then averaged over 1 hour. This activity is carried out by the Aldo Pontremoli Centre part of the Joint Research Agreement ENI-CNR.

Aerosol size distribution (10-500 nm) measured by a APS 3321

Ice Nuclei Particle Concentration (INP) Ice nucleating particle (INPs) concentration obtained in spring and summer campaigns in the Arctic Region. Sampling lines allow the aerosol particles collection onto the filters and the sampling line for the continuos measurements of size distribution with the OPC and SMPS. The aim is to improve our understanding of aerosol-cloud-climate interactions and representation of climate models.

Aerosol Biogeochemical cycles, Sources and TRansport processes in the climate-sensitive ArCTic - ABSTRACT Dataset consists in: Aerosol load, Ion, metal, EC/OC measurements on bulk and size-segregated particulate matter at Gruvebadet Observatory (Ny Alesund - Italian Station "Dirigibile Italia") using Aerosol sampling and measurement devices (TECORA ECHO-PM, TECORA Skypost, TECORA HI-VOL, FAI PBL, TSI SMPS, TSI APS - Ion Chromatographs, ICP-AES, Thermo-Optical Analyzer, ICP-MS) Aerosol measurements and sampling. Atmospheric Particle Size Distribution. SMPS (10-500 nm) and APS (0.5-20 um). PM10 aerosol low volume sampling for determination of ions and metals: continuous 24/48h resolution samplings. Multi-stage impactor (Dekati 4-stage: < 1 um - > 10 um) for measurement of ion composition: 4-day resolution sampling. PM10 medium volume sampling for determination of metal content and Pb isotope ratios: 4-d resolution samplings. PM10 on quartz filters for determination of Elemental od Organic Carbon (EC/OC): continuous 24/48 h resolution samplings. PM10 aerosol low volume sampling on PTFE for elemental determination by PIXE technique.