Contribution of Vegetation and Soil components to Carbon cycle in Arctic environment in relationship to climate change (VegSoCA). Measurements of soil respiration and 13C labelling on different species in the experimental field close to the CCTower using LiCOR LI-8100. Species were: Carex rupestris, Dryas octopetala, Salix polaris, Moss and bare soil. Dataset: Species type, date, soil water content, soil EC, soil temperature, CO2 flux.

Isotopic characterisation of arcic ponds Sampling of ponds and surrouding terrestrial envionrment. matter (expressed as ash fry dry matter) and N content as a percentage in soil and lake sediment.

Observing earth critical zone processes in the bayelva basin (CZO@Bayelva) The dataset includes CO2 fluxes measurements during summer period in different area along the transect from CCT to Ny-Alesund airport. The measures are performed using a portable accumulation chamber in dark (Ecosystem respiration, ER) and light (Net Ecosystem Exchange) condition. For each plot, about 20 measures are performed, including soil temperature and volumetric soil water content. CO2/H2O daily average values and standard deviation. Each measurement day contains a number of half-hour measurements.

ISotopic and physical-chemical MOnitoring of GLACial drainages and sea water in the Ny-Ålesund area (Svalbard) (ISMOGLAC) Sampling and in-situ measurements on snow and water, performed into both Kongsfjorden and glacial streams that originate in supraglacial, englacial and subglacial zones of different glaciers (Midtre Lovenbreen, Austre broggerbreen, Vestre Broggerbreen, Kongsvegen). Dataset concerns water isotopes signature of snow and Kongsfjorden water and physical-chemical data of the latter.

Spatial variability: validation dataset on pops concentrations in snow (SVAL-POPS) We aim to measure the spatial variability of chosen persistent organic pollutants levels in the snow. The samples will represent three spatial scales: 2-5 m spacing, 0.5-1 km distance, and two sites across Svalbard: Ny Ålesund and Hornsund. These will be compared thanks to a laboratory crosscheck.

A long-term climate manipulation experiment has been ongoing since 2014 at the REMUS site (Responses of Microbes in Upper Soil Horizons to Environmental Manipulations). Twenty-four open-top chambers (OTCs) were installed to simulate warmer ground temperatures and increased precipitation. To mimic enhanced rainfall, irrigation is applied twice a year, at the end of June and August. The transparent OTCs create an average ground temperature increase of approximately 1°C in the treated plots. The site is located about 11 Km from Ny-Ålesund at Kongsfjordneset (78.96661°N 11.47576°E) on the Brøgger Peninsula. In total, 48 plots with different plant species have been selected for the study. Of these, 24 are equipped with OTCs, while the remaining 24 are irrigated, with half of the irrigated plots also containing OTCs (12 with OTCs, 12 without). The REMUS site is registered on the Research in Svalbard Portal under ID 6921. This site is part of the International Tundra Experiment (ITEX), a global research initiative aimed at understanding the responses of tundra plant species through simple manipulation and transplant experiments conducted across multiple Arctic and alpine sites.

Carbon flux and its isotopic signature in arctic regions under climate change (CarIsoA) Study carbon flux by evaluating CO2 assimilation on target species. Parameters: Light curve, CO2 curve and temperature curve for on Salix polaris, Saxifraga cespitosa, Dryas octopetala and Carex polaris

Continuous Vis-Near IR Characterization of snow-ice surface in Ny-Ålesund (SnowIceCReM) The activity foreseen for 2015-2020 includes: continuous full-range reflectance measurements; continuous multispectral observations; ground-truth survey on snow surfaces. The first part of the activity is attempted to replicate the experiment carried out in 2014 where a VNIR spectroradiometer were deployed at the CCT. Hardware upgrades will be coupled with the addition of some position and optical reference targets. An hemispheric webcam will acquire high resolution sky and ground images to support the experiment in terms of cloud and snow cover/roughness characterization, and to provide a quality check of the rotating support position by means of the above mentioned specific targets. The availability of such accessory information will help on selecting a homogeneous spectral albedo dataset. The same quality check approach will be used also for the deployment of a second instrument that will be developed in order to obtain fixed band albedo at 860, 1240 and 1640 nm. Both measurements will be hemispheric, in the 350-2500nm wavelength range. While the first set up obtains asynchronous spectral albedo, the second one provides synchronous spectral albedo on bands selected considering sensors deployed on satellites. The final task will be persecuted with a ground-truth survey focused on calibrating the two different hemispherical receivers with bidirectional observations.

Study of the noise generated by glaciers for quantification of geo-physical processes, wide band frequency acoustic recorders will be placed in the Kongsfjorden during the spring-autumn period. Moreover, the biological sound will be also collected and the interacting with the geo-physical and anthropogenic sounds will be evaluated. Instrument : SM2U.

This dataset comprises measurements from a moored single-point acoustic current meter, collected by the Mooring Dirigibile Italia (MDI), which is managed by the Institute of Polar Sciences of the National Research Council (CNR). The data was gathered at Kongsfjorden, Svalbard Island, since 10 September 2010. This dataset is also part of the SIOS-Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System, developed to observe the impacts of climate change, including the rapid loss of sea ice cover, the retreat of local glaciers, and the Atlantification of Arctic seas. Measured properties are: subsurface temperature and subsurface currents. The acquisition of this time series data is still ongoing and will continue, bolstered by the inclusion of this infrastructure within the framework of the Italian PNRR project ITINERIS. This ensures sustained data collection and further enhances our understanding of the observed environmental changes.