This dataset comprises measurements from a moored single-point acoustic current meter, collected by the Mooring Dirigibile Italia (MDI), which is managed by the Institute of Polar Sciences of the National Research Council (CNR). The data was gathered at Kongsfjorden, Svalbard Island, between 10 September 2010 and 29 August 2023. This dataset is also part of the SIOS-Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System, developed to observe the impacts of climate change, including the rapid loss of sea ice cover, the retreat of local glaciers, and the Atlantification of Arctic seas. Measured properties are: subsurface temperature and subsurface currents. The acquisition of this time series data is still ongoing and will continue, bolstered by the inclusion of this infrastructure within the framework of the Italian PNRR project ITINERIS. This ensures sustained data collection and further enhances our understanding of the observed environmental changes.

This dataset comprises measurements from moored CTD instruments, collected by the Mooring Dirigibile Italia (MDI), which is managed by the Institute of Polar Sciences of the National Research Council (CNR). The data was gathered at Kongsfjorden, Svalbard Island, between 29 May 2016 and 29 August 2023. This dataset is also part of the SIOS-Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System, developed to observe the impacts of climate change, including the rapid loss of sea ice cover, the retreat of local glaciers, and the Atlantification of Arctic seas. Measured properties are: sea-water pressure, temperature, potential temperature, practical salinity, density, turbidity, fluorescence, PAR and dissolved oxygen in sea-water. The acquisition of this time series data is still ongoing and will continue, bolstered by the inclusion of this infrastructure within the framework of the Italian PNRR project ITINERIS. This ensures sustained data collection and further enhances our understanding of the observed environmental changes.

Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) measured by the NOrwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) at Ny-Alesund between 2002 and 2010 by using a Precision Filter Radiometer (PFR). AOD is provided at 500 nm and alpha in the spectral range (nm) 411.9-862.5.

Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) measured by the Alfred Wegener Institute (Alfred Wegener Instituite for Polar and Marine Research (AWI)) at Ny-Alesund between 2001 and 2010 by using a Carter Scott SP01. AOD is provided at 500 nm and alpha in the spectral range (nm) 443-864.

Measurement of the concentration and turbulent flux of CO2 and CH4 at 15 m above sea level on the CCT.

Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD), Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen, Fluorescence, and Turbidity were collected during upcast profiles at discrete depths of Niskin bottle closure. Biogeochemical data were obtained from laboratory analyses of the water samples collected from Niskin bottles at discrete depths along the zonal transect at 75°N in September 2021. Project PRA CASSANDRA. Italian National Research Council - Institute of Polar Sciences data from a local source. The data originators are the CNR-Institute of Polar Science and the National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics, OGS, Trieste, Italy;

Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD), Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen, Fluorescence, and Turbidity. Vertical profiles averaged every 1 meter along the zonal transect at 75°N. Project PRA CASSANDRA. Italian National Research Council - Institute of Polar Sciences data from a local source. Data originator is the National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics, OGS, Trieste, Italy.