Data refers to the CNR-IGG eddy covariance (EC) facility at the Arctic CZO (Critical Zone Observatory, hereafter CZO@Bayelva in Ny Ålesund). Data have been collected since 2019, all year long, with some interruptions due to ordinary or factory maintenance. The EC tower was installed to study CO2, H20, latent and sensible heat exchanges between soil, vegetation, and atmosphere. Carbon dioxide fluxes and environmental variables are recorded to estimate changes in carbon storage and explore CO2 fluxes drivers in the Arctic tundra. Measured parameters: Net vertical turbulent CO2 flux (umol+1s-1m-2); air temperature (deg_C), air relative humidity (%), wind speed (m+1s-1), max wind speed (m+1s-1), wind direction (deg_from_north). Method: The EC station respects both sensors and data processing standards defined by the ICOS community even if it is not an ICOS-associated station. Flux processing software: EddyPro set to default processing settings. The output variables have a 30-minutes resolution. The parameters available here are obtained by aggregating over a 3-hours time span. The associated measurement time (column B in the uploaded file) indicates the beginning of the 3-hour averaging period (es. Time T= [Time T; Time T+2h30 min]). Instrumentation: 3-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer (Manufacturer: Gill HS-50, s.n.: H183304, Firmware: 3.01, Instrument height: (info in the yearly metadata), North alignment: SPAR, North offset: (info in the yearly metadata), Wind data format: u, v, w); Enclosed path CO2/H2O Gas Analyzer (Licor Li7200RS, s.n.: 72H-0888, Firmware: (info in the yearly metadata), Tube length: 105.8 cm, Tube diameter: 5.33 mm, Northward separation: (info in the yearly metadata), Eastward separation: (info in the yearly metadata), Vertical separation: (info in the yearly metadata)). Quality assurance: Mauder and Foken (2004) flagging policy (0-1-2 system). Here, only high-quality data are reported (qc=0). The CNR-IGG Researchers took the photo of the eddy covariance during the field campaign.

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Measurements are obtained using a Pyrgeometer Kipp&Zonen, model CGR4, installed at Thule Air Base (220 m a.s.l.) in May 2013. The instrument sensitivity was determined during factory calibration for temperatures down to -40 °C, thus specifically suited for the polar environment. Data are acquired by a datalogger at 30 s time intervals and then transferred to a PC. The CGR4 and its dedicated PC are maintained by Daniela Meloni at ENEA.

Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) measured by the NOrwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) at Ny-Alesund between 2002 and 2010 by using a Precision Filter Radiometer (PFR). AOD is provided at 500 nm and alpha in the spectral range (nm) 411.9-862.5.

Arctic Metrology (MeteoMet - Arcitc) Project start:2017-03-01 end: 2022-02-01 Field calibration of thermometers for air, soil, permafrost and water temperature measurements using special transportable chamber and dedicated calibration procedures. Evaluation of field measurement uncertainty. Calibration of different kind of instruments and sensors. Dedicated calibration procedures. Documented traceability to SI standards. Field measurement uncertainty evaluations.

The AUXMON (AUXiliary MONitoring) project aims at providing a continuous monitoring of auxiliary variables useful to support investigation of Arctic atmospheric composition, temperature, humidity. A small network of 4 AIRQino station is the core infrastructure of the project. Three of these stations are positioned outdoors, one (station id 266) is placed inside the italian base. Specifically, the AIRQino stations are low-cost sensors providing information about the concentration of CO2, gaseous pollutants, particulate matter, air temperature and relative humidity.

Snow sampling every year at the Kongsvegen glacier, in Svalbard

Carbon flux and its isotopic signature in arctic regions under climate change (CarIsoA) Study carbon flux by evaluating CO2 assimilation on target species. Parameters: Light curve, CO2 curve and temperature curve for on Salix polaris, Saxifraga cespitosa, Dryas octopetala and Carex polaris

Reflectance measurements - CCT. This dataset contains spectral reflectance measurements collected in situ during the peak of the summer growing season (July) for Bistorta vivipara, Cassiope tetragona, Oxyria digyna, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Carex rupestris, Dryas octopetala, and Salix polaris. Reflectance data are fundamental for assessing the optical properties of the vegetation and deriving key spectral indices (e.g., Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), PRI).

Snow sampling every week near Gruvebadet (Svalbard)