Measurements are obtained using a Pyrgeometer Kipp&Zonen, model CGR4, installed at Thule Air Base (220 m a.s.l.) in May 2013. The instrument sensitivity was determined during factory calibration for temperatures down to -40 °C, thus specifically suited for the polar environment. Data are acquired by a datalogger at 30 s time intervals and then transferred to a PC. The CGR4 and its dedicated PC are maintained by Daniela Meloni at ENEA.

RIS: 3471 ARCA aims to develop a conceptual model on the mechanism(s) behind the release of large volumes of cold and fresh water from melting of ice caps, investigating this complex system from both paleoclimatic and modern air-sea-ice interaction process point of view. ARCA fits well within the Italian Strategy for Arctic. Testing and calibration of sensors measurement of vertical profile of turbulence, meteorological paramaters and characterisitic of the snow surface.

Arctic Metrology (MeteoMet - Arcitc) Project start:2017-03-01 end: 2022-02-01 Field calibration of thermometers for air, soil, permafrost and water temperature measurements using special transportable chamber and dedicated calibration procedures. Evaluation of field measurement uncertainty. Calibration of different kind of instruments and sensors. Dedicated calibration procedures. Documented traceability to SI standards. Field measurement uncertainty evaluations.

Arctic Present Climate Change and Past Extreme Events (ARCA) The data refer to rock magnetic and paleomagnetic measurements taken at a 1-cm spacing on u-channel samples collected from piston cores from the continental platform and slope of the NW Barents Sea. Measurements were carried out in the paleomagnetic laboratory of INGV in Rome, using a superconducting rock magnetometer installed in a magnetically shielded room.

The Climate Change Tower Integrated Project (CCT-IP) represents the guide lines of the italian research in the arctic and aims to study the interaction between all the components of the climate system in the Arctic. The Amundsen-Nobile Climate Change Tower (CCT) is the key infrastructure of the project, and provides continuous acquisition of the atmospheric parameters at different heights as well as at the interface between the surface and the atmosphere. The sensor used to measure the radiation budget and energy fluxes is a CNR1 net radiometer at 33 m of height and a CM11 and a CG4 at 25 m to measure the upwelling radiation from the surface. 30 minutes average (μ) and standard deviation (σ) of radiation data as well as products such as total net radiation average and shortwave albedo are available for the download. Data at resolution of 1 minute are available for online visualization and downloadable under request. Partly funded by Arctic PASSION project (agreement number 101003472).

Main a trace chemical markers annually and seasonally averaged concentrations in the aerosol (bulk and PM10) sampled in 10 sites in the Arctic and Panarctic regions

The Climate Change Tower Integrated Project (CCT-IP) represents the guide lines of the italian research in the arctic and aims to study the interaction between all the components of the climate system in the Arctic. The Amundsen-Nobile Climate Change Tower (CCT) is the key infrastructure of the project, and provides continuous acquisition of the atmospheric parameters at different heights as well as at the interface between the surface and the atmosphere. 30 minutes average (μ) and standard deviation (σ) of meteorological data are available for the download. Data at resolution of 1 minute are available for online visualization and downloadable under request. Partly funded by Arctic PASSION project (agreement number 101003472).

Monitoring of Aerosol: Short and Long range source areas related to Climate Change (MAShLoCC) During the Arctic campaign 2010, an atmospheric aerosol sampling at the Gruvebadet observatory has been carried out in order to obtain information about the formation and composition of atmospheric aerosol, transport processes toward the Arctic zone as well as local and remote source areas. Instrument : ICP-SFMS, IRMS, Orbitrap

Ionospheric Scintillations Arctic Campaign Coordinated Observations (ISACCO) the project aims the monitoring of Total Electron Content and scintillations by suitably modified GNSS receivers sampling at 50 Hz for ionospheric modelling in NyAlesund

Aerosol particles that can aid the formation of ice crystals in clouds are known as ice nucleating particles (INPs). These particles play a critical role in Arctic cloud formation and regional climate. However, it remains challenging for global climate models (GCMs) to well represent Arctic INPs. To understand the biases in the GCMs, we compare simulated results from a GCM with long-term meteorological, aerosol, and INP measurements at one surface station in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. We find that the simulated aerosol properties are biased from the observations within one order of magnitude, due to uncertainties in modeling physical and chemical aerosol processes. Using soil samples collected from Ny-Ålesund, we derived a new fit that relates local HLD with INP concentrations. This fit shows strong ice nucleating ability at warm temperatures, indicating the presence of organic matter in local HLD. Incorporating the new fit for local HLD INPs along with parameterizations representing INPs from other terrestrial and marine sources, our model reproduces measured INP concentrations reasonably well. Our comparison highlights the importance of local HLD to the Arctic INP population. Our findings emphasize the need for long-term Arctic measurements and better representation of HLD in GCMs to improve the understanding in Arctic INP properties and their role in Arctic cloud formation.