Climate-Cryosphere-Carbon interactions in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (C3) Use sediment cores as archives of climate-induced destabilizations in the fjord. By targeting well known past climate changes (MWP and LIA) we will understand how the C3 system varied during natural warming and cooling events. Retrieve of two sediment cores in Kongsfjorden, in summer 2017, to encompass the last 1k years.

Terrestrial Photography ApplicationS on Snow covEr in Svalbard (PASSES) Project start: 2018-04-15 - end: 2021-12-31 The purpose of this activity is the development of a new snow product focused on the estimation of the fraction of snow cover in selected sites at different spatial resolutions. This dataset will be aimed to support the estimation of cryospheric information using remotely sensed data, with a particular attention to data obtained in the framework of the Copernicus program. The availability of this dataset in a natural laboratory such as Svalbard islands will support the reduction of the gap between remotely sensed data and modeling activities. This added value will be very important considering the higher spatial resolution of the sensors recently deployed. The dataset will be based on re-using data obtained from public repositories such as the digital elevation model of Svalbard, the available webcam imageries in Svalbard and satellite products from Landsat, Sentinel and MODIS missions. All the available data will be integrated in order to estimate the fraction of snow cover, at different spatial resolutions, for each satellite mission. These estimations, computed at different sites in Svalbard islands, will offer the opportunity to better integrate results obtained by remote sensing with modeling and air-snow interactions studies. Particular attention will be devoted to the formalization of agreements with raw-data providers in case of not-public licensing policies.

This dataset comprises measurements from thermistor (SBE56) mounted on the Mooring Dirigibile Italia (MDI), which is managed by the Institute of Polar Sciences of the National Research Council (CNR). The mooring is placed in the Kongsfjorden, Svalbard Island, since September 2010 and the thermistor is placed at the nominal depths between 51 and 59 m and is operative from September 2012. This dataset is also part of the SIOS-Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System, developed to observe the impacts of climate change, including the rapid loss of sea ice cover, the retreat of local glaciers, and the Atlantification of Arctic seas. Measured properties are: sea-water temperature. The acquisition of this time series data is still ongoing and will continue, bolstered by the inclusion of this infrastructure within the framework of the Italian PNRR project ITINERIS. This ensures sustained data collection and further enhances our understanding of the observed environmental changes.

This dataset comprises measurements from S1 Mooring, which is managed by the Institute of Polar Sciences of the National Research Council (CNR) and National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics (OGS). The data was gathered on the Fram Strait south of the Spitsbergen in an open-sea area strongly influenced by both the interaction between Atlantic (northward-moving) and Arctic (southward-moving) waters as well as by the presence and winter formation of sea ice and atmospheric forcing. To understand these dynamics, a deep-water oceanographic S1 Mooring was anchored at about 1040 meters depth, since June 2014 and is part of the SIOS-Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System, developed to observe the impacts of climate change, including the rapid loss of sea ice cover, the retreat of local glaciers, and the Atlantification of Arctic seas. The dataset is related to instrument mounted at 834 m during the 2023 - 2024 survey. The instrument measures sea-water temperature, conductivity and oxygen and related salinity and density anonaly. The acquisition of this time series data is still ongoing and will continue, bolstered by the inclusion of this infrastructure within the framework of the Italian PNRR project ITINERIS. This ensures sustained data collection and further enhances our understanding of the observed environmental changes.

This dataset comprises measurements from moored multiparametric probe, collected by the Aldo Pontremoli Mooring (MAP), which is managed by the Institute of Polar Sciences of the National Research Council (CNR). The Aldo Pontremoli Mooring (MAP), operated by the Institute of Polar Sciences of the National Research Council (CNR), has been active in the Kongsfjord, located in the Svalbard archipelago, since September, 2020. The instrument collect physical and biogeochemical Essential Ocean Variables, including sea water temperature, conductivity, oxygen, concentration and related salinity and density anomaly. This activity is part of the Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System (SIOS), which aims to monitor the impacts of climate change, such as the rapid loss of sea ice cover, the retreat of local glaciers, and the Atlantification of Arctic seas. Time series acquisition is ongoing and will continue, supported by funding from JRA ENI-CNR. The project's goal is to analyse the environmental feeback related to the material released into the marine environment due to permafrost melting. Reactivated permafrost can have significant consequences for both climate and the environment by contributing to the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and pollutants into aquatic ecosystems

The automated nivological station was installed in November 2020 in a flat area over the tundra about 80 meters far from the Gruvebadet Atmospheric Laboratory and nearby a snow sampling site from where weekly snow samples are collected for chemical analysis. Sensors (NESA LU06) have been calibrated by their companies before installation and are connected to a datalogger for continuous acquisition. For all the parameters, data are logged with 10-minute time resolution and then averaged over 1 hour. This activity is carried out by the Aldo Pontremoli Centre part of the Joint Research Agreement ENI-CNR, in the framework of the SnowCorD project (SIOS Core Data).

This dataset comprises measurements from S1 Mooring, which is managed by the Institute of Polar Sciences of the National Research Council (CNR) and National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics (OGS). The data was gathered on the Fram Strait south of the Spitsbergen in an open-sea area strongly influenced by both the interaction between Atlantic (northward-moving) and Arctic (southward-moving) waters as well as by the presence and winter formation of sea ice and atmospheric forcing. To understand these dynamics, a deep-water oceanographic S1 Mooring was anchored at about 1040 meters depth, since June 2014 and is part of the SIOS-Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System, developed to observe the impacts of climate change, including the rapid loss of sea ice cover, the retreat of local glaciers, and the Atlantification of Arctic seas. The dataset is related to thermistor mounted at 925m during the 2023 - 2024 survey. The acquisition of this time series data is still ongoing and will continue, bolstered by the inclusion of this infrastructure within the framework of the Italian PNRR project ITINERIS. This ensures sustained data collection and further enhances our understanding of the observed environmental changes.

terrestrial Photography ApplicationS on Snow covEr in Svalbard: Evolution of the fractional snow cover in the Broggerdalen area using ground-based cameras located at the Climate Change Tower in the Svalbard archipelago. Project Start date: 2018-04-15 End date: 2023-12-31

This dataset comprises measurements from moored nutrient monitoring sensor that measures nitrate concentration in the water column. The instrument is mounted on the Mooring Dirigibile Italia (MDI), which is managed by the Institute of Polar Sciences of the National Research Council (CNR). The data was gathered at Kongsfjorden, Svalbard Island, since September 2024. This dataset is also part of the SIOS-Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System, developed to observe the impacts of climate change, including the rapid loss of sea ice cover, the retreat of local glaciers, and the Atlantification of Arctic seas. Measured properties are: nitrate concentration in the water column. The acquisition of this time series data is still ongoing and will continue, bolstered by the inclusion of this infrastructure within the framework of the Italian PNRR project ITINERIS. This ensures sustained data collection and further enhances our understanding of the observed environmental changes.

Snow and surface characteristics are monitored by CNR at the Climate Change Tower in Ny-Alesund. Partly funded by Arctic PASSION project (agreement number 101003472).